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KRAS信號的激活是一個多步驟的過程，需要適當的KRAS翻譯后修飾，細胞膜定位與效應蛋白的相互作用。

The activation of KRAS signaling is a multi-step process that requires proper KRAS post-translation，plasma membrane-localization and interaction with effector proteins.

在細胞外刺激作用下，從失活的RAS-GDP到激活的RAS-GDP的轉化進一步促進了多種信號通路的激活，包括MAPK通路、PI3k 通路和Ral-GEFs通路，其中以MAPK通路的特征最為明顯。

In response to extracellular stimuli, the conversion from inactive RAS-GDP to active RAS-GDP further promotes the activation of various signaling pathways, which includes MAPK pathway，PI3k pathway and the Ral-GEFs pathway,among them the MAPK pathway is the best characterized.

RAS-GDP直接與RAF蛋白結合，將RAF激酶家族從細胞質招募到膜上，在細胞膜上二聚化并活化。激活的RAF隨后對其下游底物，即MEK and ERk進行一系列磷酸化反應，并傳導生長信號。

RAS-GDP directly binds to RAF protein,recruiting RAF Kinese family from cytoplasm to membranes，where they dimerize and become active. The activated RAF subsequently carries out a chain of phospholation reactions to its downstream substrates, MEK and ERk, and propagates the growth signal.

KRAS新藥研發平臺

什么是KRAS?

尊龍凱時助力信諾維抗腫瘤1類新藥XNW14010（小分子KRAS G12C蛋白共價結合抑制劑）獲批臨床