{"id":5115,"date":"2025-07-10T01:41:53","date_gmt":"2025-07-10T01:41:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/?p=5115"},"modified":"2025-07-21T03:42:00","modified_gmt":"2025-07-21T03:42:00","slug":"understanding-battery-formation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/understanding-battery-formation\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Battery Formation in Simple Terms"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/solutions\/formation-and-aging-titans\/formation-and-aging-intelligent-manufacturing-turnkey-solutions-for-cylindrical-cell\/46xx-serious-cylindrical-cell-formation-and-aging-products-list\/\">Battery formation<\/a> is a crucial step in manufacturing batteries for phones, laptops, and electric vehicles. It plays a key role in determining the battery’s performance and lifespan.<\/p>\n<p>This step takes place near the end of the battery manufacturing process, after the electrodes, electrolyte, and casing have all been assembled. Although the battery looks complete, it’s not ready for use.<\/p>\n<p>Battery formation activates the internal materials and sets the foundation for how well the battery will perform and how long it will last.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_67_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/understanding-battery-formation\/#Key_Terms_to_Understand_the_Battery_Formation_Process\" title=\"Key Terms to Understand the Battery Formation Process\">Key Terms to Understand the Battery Formation Process<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/understanding-battery-formation\/#The_Process_of_Battery_Formation\" title=\"The Process of Battery Formation\">The Process of Battery Formation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/understanding-battery-formation\/#Battery_Formation_Solution\" title=\"Battery Formation Solution\">Battery Formation Solution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/understanding-battery-formation\/#Take_a_Next_Step\" title=\"Take a Next Step\">Take a Next Step<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/understanding-battery-formation\/#Reference\" title=\"Reference\">Reference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Terms_to_Understand_the_Battery_Formation_Process\"><\/span><strong>Key Terms to Understand the Battery Formation Process<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Formation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The formation is the central step in this article. It&#8217;s the first time a battery is charged and discharged after being assembled. But, unlike regular charging, it’s done slowly and precisely This careful process allows the battery’s materials to stabilize and start functioning as intended.<\/p>\n<p>Formation also helps create a critical protective layer inside the battery called the <strong>Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)<\/strong>, which plays a vital role in battery performance and longevity.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>SEI is a thin, invisible layer that forms on the surface of the battery&#8217;s anode (the negative side) during the initial charge cycles.<\/p>\n<p>It’s essential for battery health—acting as a protective barrier that reduces wear and keeps the battery stable. A well-formed SEI layer leads to a longer-lasting, safer, and more reliable battery.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>C-Rate<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>As mentioned earlier, battery formation involves charging and discharging the battery slowly for the first time. The <strong>C-rate<\/strong> is a key measure of how quickly this happens. It indicates the speed of charging or discharging. For example, a <strong>1C rate<\/strong> means the battery is fully charged or discharged in one hour.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Degassing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>During battery formation, small amounts of gas may be generated inside the cell. <strong>Degassing<\/strong> is the process of releasing this gas to prevent pressure buildup or swelling.<\/p>\n<p>However, for certain battery types—such as <a href=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-prismatic-lithium-ion-battery\/\"><strong>prismatic cells<\/strong><\/a> or large-format cells—degassing isn&#8217;t always required. These batteries often undergo <strong>open formation<\/strong>, allowing gas bubbles to escape naturally, even within a sealed chamber.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Electrochemical Conditioning (Aging)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Battery Aging<\/strong> typically begins after the formation process is complete. During this stage, the battery cells undergo electrochemical conditioning for several hours or even days. This allows the <strong>SEI layer<\/strong> to fully stabilize and ensures the overall battery chemistry is properly set before use.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Process_of_Battery_Formation\"><\/span><strong>The Process of Battery Formation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As mentioned, once a battery cell is fully assembled, it still isn’t ready to power your phone, laptop, or EV. It still needs to undergo the <strong>battery formation process<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong>a critical stage that &#8220;activates&#8221; the battery and prepares it for safe, stable, and long-lasting use.<br \/>\nThis process involves carefully controlled charging, discharging, and rest phases. It not only forms a protective SEI layer but also helps stabilize the battery&#8217;s internal chemistry. Let’s walk through the key stages of battery formation and see how each step contributes to a high-performance, reliable battery.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5121\" src=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/process-of-battery-formation-e1752111414213.png\" alt=\"Battery Formation Process\" width=\"1596\" height=\"1040\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/process-of-battery-formation-e1752111414213.png 1596w, http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/process-of-battery-formation-e1752111414213-300x195.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1596px) 100vw, 1596px\" \/><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Step 1: Preparing the Battery Cell<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Before formation begins, all battery components—<strong><u>electrodes, separator, and electrolyte<\/u><\/strong>—are assembled into a complete cell. It resembles a finished battery but hasn’t been activated yet. The cell is then placed in a formation machine, which carefully controls the initial charging and discharging process<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Step 2: First Charging (at Low C-Rate)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The battery is initially charged at a slow rate—<strong><u>typically 0.05C to 0.1C (over 10 to 20 hours)<\/u><\/strong>—at a temperature of <strong><u>25–45°C<\/u><\/strong>. This gradual process allows a high-quality solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to form and helps prevent damage to the internal materials.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Step 3: First Discharge and Re-Charge Cycles<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>After the first charge, the battery is gently discharged and then charged again—sometimes multiple times. These first cycles allow the SEI to continue forming and settling.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Step 4: Monitoring and Testing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Throughout formation, key data is collected, such as charge capacity, charging behavior, and SEI development. This monitoring helps identify early defects and ensures only high-quality cells proceed to the next stage.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Step 5: Degassing <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>As mentioned earlier, gas can sometimes build up inside the battery during formation. When this occurs, the cell undergoes a degassing step, where it is gently pierced in a vacuum to release trapped gases, then resealed. This process ensures the battery remains stable and safe.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Step 6: Electrochemical Conditioning (Ageing)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>After formation and degassing, the battery typically enters a resting phase called aging or electrochemical conditioning. It remains idle at room temperature for several hours or days, allowing internal chemical reactions to stabilize and the SEI layer to fully mature—improving overall reliability.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Step 7: Final Testing and Sorting<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>After aging, the battery undergoes final testing to evaluate key parameters such as capacity, internal resistance, and voltage consistency. Only cells that meet strict quality standards proceed to packaging and integration into products.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20pt;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Battery_Formation_Solution\"><\/span><strong>Battery Formation Solution<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As mentioned, the primary goal of battery formation is to <strong><u>create a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer<\/u><\/strong>, which is essential for the long-term stability and performance of the cell. This stage also serves to <strong><u>identify weak or defective cells<\/u><\/strong>—such as those showing signs of overheating, abnormal voltage drops, or poor capacity.<\/p>\n<p>In the broader battery supply chain, formation plays a crucial role in <strong><u>determining the final quality<\/u><\/strong> delivered to customers across industries—including electric vehicles, smartphones, and commercial or residential energy storage systems.<\/p>\n<p>Because of its sensitivity and importance, battery formation requires equipment that is precise, reliable, and safe. At LEAD, we provide advanced formation solutions designed to ensure accuracy and efficiency. Our <a href=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/product\/self-insulated-formation-integrated-machine\/\">Self-Insulated Formation Integrated Machine<\/a> offers intelligent control, high space efficiency, and reliable performance to support high-quality battery manufacturing.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5122\" src=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Self-Insulated-Formation-Integrated-Machine.png\" alt=\"LEAD's Self-Insulated Formation Integrated Machine\" width=\"460\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Self-Insulated-Formation-Integrated-Machine.png 460w, http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Self-Insulated-Formation-Integrated-Machine-300x202.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>By <strong><u>embedding high-temperature insulation boards<\/u><\/strong>, this battery formation system integrates the power cabinet with the high-temperature pressing board module, overcoming key challenges of traditional split-cabinet designs, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Large equipment footprint<\/li>\n<li>Extended commissioning cycles and<\/li>\n<li>Low charge\/discharge efficiency<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This integrated design increases charging efficiency to 80% and discharging efficiency to 75%, while reducing the formation room area by 16%, equipment footprint by 15%, and maintenance platform area by 40%. It also employs <strong><u>high-precision temperature acquisition technology<\/u><\/strong> to ensure excellent temperature uniformity within the chambers.<\/p>\n<p>The machine features a robust abnormality detection system that monitors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Polarity errors<\/li>\n<li>Probe and circuit contact resistance<\/li>\n<li>Environmental and channel temperatures<\/li>\n<li>Smoke presence<\/li>\n<li>Power-off protection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These advanced safety and monitoring capabilities make LEAD’s Self-Insulated Formation Integrated Machine a reliable, <a href=/en/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/\"http:\/\/www.vi-home.com\/en\/new-product\/\">intelligent solution<\/a> for next-generation battery formation equipment—ensuring enhanced delivery quality and operational safety.<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">var 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id=\"Reference\"><\/span><strong>Reference<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2313-0105\/11\/4\/122<\/li>\n<li>http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2032-6653\/14\/4\/96<\/li>\n<li>http:\/\/www.batterydesign.net\/manufacture\/cell-manufacturing\/battery-cell-manufacturing-process\/formation-aging\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Battery formation is a crucial step in manufacturing batteries for phones, laptops, and electric vehicles. It plays a key role in determining the battery’s performance and lifespan. This step takes place near the end of the battery manufacturing process, after the electrodes, electrolyte, and casing have all been assembled. Although the battery looks complete, it’s&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":5120,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[178],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - http:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Understanding Battery Formation in Simple Terms - Lead Intelligent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Difficult to learn battery formation? 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